Varicosis is a pathological condition, the result of chronic venous insufficiency, in which venous walls become thinner, increase the light of the veins and form the expansion aneurysm (nodes).Visually, the veins become very swollen, blue, winding.It manifests itself by a feeling of gravity in the legs and its fatigue, edema of the feet and legs, night seizures in the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
It is impossible to name a specific reason, but there are a number of factors, which can cause an increase in pressure and a decrease in the elasticity of the veins, as well as the weakening of the valves, as a result of this, the varicose veins are developed.
In clinical phlegology, several provocative factors that lead to varicose veins are distinguished:
- Work on the legs or a long stay in standing position.
- Using socks with strong elastic bands that press their legs.
- Weakness of tissues as a result of congenital characteristics.
- Leader.The legs have a greater load of the whole body.This factor is dangerous for people whose work implies a prolonged position.
- Genetic predisposition.If the parents had varicose veins, then a child with a 70% probability will also have the development of the pathology.It is true that risks can be reduced, avoiding their appearance.To do this, you just need not to create provocative factors.With a genetic predisposition, varicose veins seem very early.
- Life.If a person is not active enough, then the risk of varicose veins increases.Flobologists call a similar "varicose" state.
- Hormonal malfunction and with the fetus.During pregnancy, varicose veins are developed due to an increase in blood volume, as well as to tighten the veins that increase in the size of the uterus.In hormonal failures, progesterone production and estrogen synthesis reduction increase, which increases blood clotting.
- Blood output obstacles.This condition occurs with the formation of blood clots, the development of tumors.
- Obesity.Excess weight improves the load on the feet, the malnutrition of blood circulation begins, and extra pounds cause an increase in abdominal pressure, which changes the exit of the blood.
- Diabetes.In the case of the disease, a high sugar rate begins to damage the vascular system, which leads to the formation of blood clots.
- Stress and nerve disorders affect blood vessels, lead to the development of varicose veins.
- Alcohol abuseAlcohol is able to bend the body, and with excessive consumption, the blocking of the blood begins, the blockage of the veins and the malnutrition of the blood flow begins.
- Unstable nutrition.If the body does not receive vitamins C, E, P, as well as useful trace elements: blood circulation is altered, the status of blood vessels worsens, which leads to varicose veins.
- Frequent feces delay.In this case, the abdominal pressure increases and the blood output is altered.
- Kidneys and heart pathologies.
- An overdose of drugs to increase blood clotting.
Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, 3 main stages of the varicose veins can be distinguished:
- Compensation.
- Subcompensation.
- Decompensation.
Varicose veins do not apply to serious pathologies, but are scary with their complications.
Pay attention!If the disease appears, then it will not pass on its own.Premature appeal to a specialist leads to serious violations, which represent a danger.
The main symptoms of varicose veins
The clinical image of the varicose veins is not difficult, this allows a phlegologist to quickly make a preliminary diagnosis and lead the patient to the instrumental diagnosis.
Among the main signs of varicose expansion, they distinguish:
- The appearance of swelling in the legs at the end of the day, at night.The first symptom is one of the possible, especially when adjusted shoes are used.After a normal break in the morning, the swelling disappears.
- Heaviness on the legs.A person feels not only gravity, but explodes in calves, especially after a working day.A symptom appears more frequently in people with sedentary work.If you pass walks at night and provide a good break, the signs disappear in the morning, but at night they reappear.
- Strong heat in the legs, namely, in calves.
- Seizures at night that reduce caviar.
- The appearance of a vascular mesh in the legs ("stars" of blue red).
- An increase in leg veins (as if rushing on the skin).This feature develops one of the last ones and speaks of an expansion of pronounced varicose.
The described symptoms are subject to a mandatory treatment that before this is done, the least serious complications will be.
Complications of varicose veins
With the appearance of varicose veins, the pathology itself will not happen, and without treatment begins to give complications.What are dangerous varicose veins and what consequences can be in the context of the disease?
The complicated form of the course of the varicose veins is declared through:
- Acute thrombophlebitis.
- Trophic ulcers.
- Flobotrombosis.
- Bleeding.
A progressive disease causes the development of varicootrombophyrophitis and then phlebotrombosis.Such states affect deep veins, blood flow in the legs not only bothers, but can stop, due to which gangrene is formed.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
At the beginning of the development of varicose veins, the symptoms are generally not expressed, often leg pain and other sensations are discarded in fatigue.
The patient is not resolved for the doctor's visit to the doctor (when the veins begin to swell and this becomes remarkable with the naked eye).
The diagnoses of the varicose veins are dedicated to a specialized photobologist, the diagnosis is established on the basis of a conversation with the patient, the confrontation, as well as the diagnostic data, in particular ::
- Color duplex exam.It makes it possible to measure speed, blood direction.The data allow you to draw a blood flow map.
- PhlebographyShow the external characteristics of the veins, the work of the valves.The method is used in extreme cases.
- Diagnostic samples: allows you to determine the permeability of the veins and the condition of the valves.The most common breakdown is Troyanov.
- Dopplerography: A blood flow is carried out in a particular vessel.
The described methods are used to diagnose superficial and deep veins.
The consequences of varicose veins on the legs
The danger is not in the varicose veins itself, but in the subsequent complications and consequences that become a real threat to human life.Consider in more detail.
Venous deficiency
This condition implies several development steps.At the beginning of venous insufficiency, the changes are insignificant and a horizontal venous reflux appears.
4 stages can be distinguished:
- Zero.There are no characteristic symptoms, only temporary swelling of the legs occurs, the veins are slightly notable.
- First.It is accompanied by a strong expansion of the varicose vessel in the legs, but there are no trophic failures.
- The second.The obvious appearance of the veins in the legs with a large number of nodes, the legs are affected by eczema, ulcers.
- The third.A persistent trophic violation that cannot be stopped with medications.
In chronic venous insufficiency, patients occur in the following symptoms:
- Itching
- Pain.
- Seizures
- Swelling.
- Blood stagnation and the appearance of formations (varicose nodes).
- Ulcers.
Thrombophlebitis
This complication is characterized by the appearance of blood clots that obstruct the vessels.Blood becomes viscous, which leads to a complication of the output flow.The top of the bottom of the leg and the lower part of the thigh is affected.The flashing can easily determine the complication of the expressed changes:
- Redness.
- Pain.
- Weakness.
- Tissue seal.
With the development of thrombophlebitis, many veins are affected, including pulmonary artery.Thrombophlebitis treatment should be carried out without delay in the first symptoms, surgery is used as therapy.
In the initial stages, outpatient therapy is carried out if the varicose veins have not reached the lower part of the leg.
For treatment, they use:
- Non -steroid medications to eliminate inflammation.
- Anicoagulants.
- Angioprotectors.
- Diggarts
Trophyl ulcer
A trophic ulcer always occurs in advanced cases when blood output is very altered.Characteristic signs of complication:
- Slow formation.
- The darkening of the skin in the legs, severe pigmentation.
Any leg injury can cause damage and rupture of ulcers.If it provides fast assistance, then there will be no consequences and the injury will heal quickly, otherwise tissue inflammation begins, the development of bacterial infection of variable gravity is possible.
For the treatment of complicated trophic ulcers, an operation is performed.During treatment, experts recipe bed for 2 or more weeks.As a conservative treatment, antibiotics of large action, regenerative medications and local antiseptics are prescribed.
Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery
Thromboembolism is the most dangerous and often mortal consequence.This condition implies the occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its thrombotic branches by the masses that have come out.
The main development risks:
- Oncology.
- Performing surgical intervention.
- Heart failure.
- Thrombophilia.
- Long liar.
Women are more subject to complications, development is even possible in children.You can determine the thromboembolium of the pulmonary artery through the following symptoms:
- Chest pain.
- Temperature growth.
- Tachycardia.
- Blood expectation.
- Cough.
- Sibilations
- Dyspnoea.
It is impossible to diagnose the disease itself, with suspicion of thromboembolism, urgent hospitalization is carried out.
Treatment of varicose veins and prevention
To date, several main types of varicose expansion treatment are used:
- Conservative treatmentThe technique depends on the disease stage.Use pharmacological therapy, sclerotherapy of the affected veins, compression treatment.
- Surgical treatmentVarious types of operations are included in this method: veins radio frequencies, endovenous thermal occlusion, Varadi operation, as well as laser coagulation of the veins.
The essence of prevention is to keep the glasses in a healthy state, as well as prevent venous circulation failures.
Preventive measures are also shown for healthy people who, due to genetics or standing work, are possible to develop varicose veins, as well as for those who are already sick with varicose veins.
For prevention purposes, it must:
- To control body weight, with obesity to the legs, a strong load is, blood circulation and blood vessels cannot normally function.Applying diets to reduce mass, the menu must be controlled to be correct and full.
- It is correct to eat so that there are products in the diet that strengthen the vascular system and normalize blood circulation.It is necessary to include more plant foods, bread made of thick flour.
- Carry out a moderate physical activity that avoids varicose veins and supports the veins of the legs in good shape.Swim, walk, dance is ideal.
- Wear for free clothes, shoes.
- Use products in the form of ointments and creams that can saturate tissues with useful substances, improve blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels.
Even if varicose veins begin to develop, prevention can significantly slow down the development of pathology, reduce the risk of complications.